European Sociological Review Advance Access published online on December 18, 2006
European Sociological Review, doi:10.1093/esr/jcl029
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The Sex Wage Gap in Japan and Sweden: The Role of Human Capital, Workplace Sex Composition, and Family Responsibility
Johanna Kumlin, Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Email: johanna.kumlin{at}sofi.su.se
This study examines sources of the sex wage gap in Sweden and Japan by focusing on the significance of human capital, workplace sex segregation, and family situation using recent and nationwide individual-level data. Contrasting determinants of the sex wage gap in the two advanced countries Japan and Sweden are of interest because these two societies differ significantly in their gender policies and sex structures. The results indicate that human capital factors and women's heavier family responsibilities account for more of the sex wage gap in Japan than in Sweden. Workplace sex segregation, in contrast, accounts for more of the sex wage gap in Sweden compared to Japan. In both countries, about two thirds of the sex wage gap is attributable to sex differences in average return on the explanatory variables.
Manuscript received: January 1, 2006.
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