European Sociological Review Advance Access published online on March 18, 2009
European Sociological Review, doi:10.1093/esr/jcp019
Education, Educational Heterogamy, and Self-Assessed Health in Europe: A Multilevel Study of Spousal Effects in 29 European Countries
Christiaan W. S. Monden, Department of Sociology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Gerbert Kraaykamp, Department of Sociology, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Correspondence: Tim Huijts (to whom correspondence should be addressed), Department of Sociology, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Email: t.huijts{at}maw.ru.nl
This study extends earlier research on educational inequality and health in two ways. First, we examine whether own educational level and spouse's educational level are independently associated with self-assessed health throughout European societies by analysing 29 countries simultaneously. Second, we ask to what extent educational heterogamy at the country level is related to health differences between and within countries. Theories on social capital lead to the hypotheses that average health is better in countries with more educational heterogamy, and educational differentiation in health is smaller in countries with more educational heterogamy. To test our expectations, we use individual data from the European Social Survey of 2002, 2004, and 2006 (N = 59,314) as well as country-level data. Using multilevel analyses, we find that not only one's own educational level, but additionally the spouse's level of education positively affects self-assessed health in Europe. The degree of educational heterogamy does not influence the average level of self-assessed health in a country. However, the positive relationships between own and partner's education and self-assessed health are weaker as the degree of educational heterogamy at the national level is higher.
Manuscript received: September 1, 2008.