European Sociological Review Advance Access originally published online on August 9, 2006
European Sociological Review 2006 22(4):459-476; doi:10.1093/esr/jcl009
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A Life-Course Perspective on Ethnic Differences in Women’s Economic Activity in Britain
Joanne Lindley, Department of Economics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Shirley Dex, Institute of Education, London, UK.
Correspondence: Angela Dale, (to whom correspondence should be addressed) CCSR, Crawford House, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Tel.: +0161 275 4891; email: angela.dale{at}manchester.ac.uk
This article examines the relationship between family formation, qualifications, and employment for women from white and minority ethnic groups using a life-course approach. Cross-sectional data from the British Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) for 1992–2003 were used to estimate the relationships. There are major differences between ethnic groups in the likelihood of being economically active, after controlling for life course and level of qualifications. These are greatest for Pakistani and Bangladeshi women and least for Black Caribbean women. However, predicted probabilities of being economically active are very similar—over 90 per cent—for all young women (aged 19–34) with a degree-level qualification who have neither partner nor child. For all women, rates of economic activity are lower with young children but again vary between ethnic groups. Employment patterns for Black Caribbean women are consistent with economic migration and norms of motherhood that encompass roles of both breadwinner and parent. In contrast, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women’s patterns of economic activity reflect a strongly gendered division of labour where motherhood is associated with full-time care for children.
Manuscript received: April 1, 2005.