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European Sociological Review Advance Access originally published online on May 20, 2005
European Sociological Review 2005 21(3):187-200; doi:10.1093/esr/jci021
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Gender Differences in Poverty: A Cross-National Study

Pamala Wiepking

Ineke Maas

Ineke Maas, ICS/Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Postbus 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht. Tel.: +31 30 253 4074; Fax: +31 30 253 4405; Email: i.maas{at}fss.uu.nl

Correspondence: Pamala Wiepking (to whom correspondence should be addressed), Department of Philanthropy, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam. Tel.: +31 20 598 6922; Fax: +31 20 598 6810; Email: p.wiepking{at}fsw.vu.nl

In this paper we describe and explain country differences in the effect of gender on the risk of becoming poor, using data from the Luxembourg Income Study on 22 industrialized countries. Although in most countries women are more likely to become poor than men, this is not the case for all countries. Composition effects explain 18 per cent of the country differences: differences in the educational level of the population are most important, whereas labor market participation plays a smaller role. Country characteristics, especially economic growth and social-democratic tradition, explain between 29 and 36 per cent of the country differences in the gender-poverty-gap. Both composition effects and country characteristics are better suited to explaining the disadvantages of women than the disadvantages of men.

Manuscript received: October 2004.


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[Abstract] [PDF]


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