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European Sociological Review 16:301-321 (2000)
© 2000 Oxford University Press

Class, State, and Counter-Revolution The Fascist Seizure of Power in Italy, 1919—1922

Dahlia Sabina Elazar1

1 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel

Correspondence: elazar{at}spirit.tau.ac.il

How was the Fascist Squads' violence transformed from a target-specific anti-socialist tactic into a vehicle for the Fascist seizure of political power? This study of the Fascists' seizure of power in 25 of Italy's 69 provinces, focuses on the theoretically neglected historical sequence that followed the initial emergence of the Fascist organization. Comparing the determinants of the Fascists' struggle, based on quantitative and qualitative historical evidence, and based on Moore's thesis of the state–landlord alliance, it is argued that the Fascists' seizure of state power was determined by: (a) their coalition with the landlords; and (b) the collusion of the state with the Fascists' anti-socialist violence. Without this collusion, the Fascists would not have been able to transform their violent tactics into a political victory.


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